Enantiosemy in the dialect lexis (based on the Tver dialects)

This article discusses the phenomenon of enantiosemy in dialectal word. Today the phenomenon of enantiosemy actively studied in the modern Russian language. However, the question of the types of enantiosemia, the cause of its occurrence and the place of enantiosemia among other lexical categories is still debatable. Some researchers believe enantiosemy one of the types of antonymy. Other researchers attribute this phenomenon to a variety of homonymy or polysemy. A number of linguists allocate enantiosemy as a separate lexical category. Some researchers believe that today enantiosemy is not developed in the language, other linguists, on the contrary, argue that this phenomenon is actively developing in the modern Russian language. The article analyzes the Tver dialect vocabulary characterizing a person by his moral qualities. The author identifies a significant number of dialect words, in the meaning of which there are opposite emotional and evaluative components - positive and negative. As a result of the analysis of the Tver dialect lexicon characterizing the person, the author draws a conclusion that existence in semantic structure of opposite signs of an assessment is characteristic for lexicon of this group. The author describes some of the reasons that contribute to the emergence and development of evaluation enantiosemy in the studied lexical field. The main reasons contributing to the emergence of evaluative enantiosemia in this group of vocabulary are the diffusivity of the meaning of dialect words, the presence of only the oral form of dialect speech, the lack of codified norms in dialect speech, as well as extralinguistic factors - ambivalence of feelings and thinking, various value orientations and attitudes that allow you to see the opposite aspects of one phenomenon and evaluate it from different points of view.