Common vocabulary in the dialects of the Kostroma Volga region: functional stratification
Abstract
The subject of study in the article is the nationwide lexis functioning in the dialects as well as in the literary language. The word бадья [badya] is analyzed in the dialects of historical and cultural zone of Kostroma Volga region, a part of Kostroma group of dialects of North Russian vernacular. It possesses the features of center dialects, where the number of words common in form and general meaning with the lexis of the literary language is especially big. The proposition is adduced that such lexis is presented much more abundantly and variously in the dialects than in the literary language from the point of semantics, structure and peculiarities of functioning. The author gives a lot of examples of using the word бадья [badya] in the dialects of Kostroma, Buy, Susanin and Sudislavl regions of the described zone showing the variety of functional stratification of this lexical unit, which undoubtedly influence its semantic, syntactic and stylistic qualities. Based on historical, etymological and regional dictionaries, the author reveals the dynamics of the semantic development of lexemes бадья [badya] and ведро [vedro] (which are close in their present meaning and use) together with their derivatives. Moreover, the productivity of these lexemes in different strata of the Russian language is examined. From the author's point of view, there is an ethno-dialect situation свой/чужой [svoy/chuzhoy] in Kostroma dialects under the conditions of modern literary and dialect diglossia, where the word бадья [badya] is perceived as one's own, and the word ведро [vedro] as the one which comes from a different sphere - the literary language. The unequal proportion of words бадья [badya] and ведро [vedro] in semantics, functional stratification and use in different dialects of the Russian language is pointed out, the dissonance being observed more completely in the dialects of remote territories of north and south, for example, Archangelsk, Don and Volgograd dialects. The conclusion is made that significant functional stratification of nationwide lexis in dialects results in appearance of metonymic shifts of different intensity in semantic structure of the word.
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