From the history of words II
Abstract
The study of Russian dialectal vocabulary remains one of the most pressing problems of etymology. This article is devoted to the origin and history of a number of Russian dialect words and in connection with them also some words of the literary language. Namely, the author provides revised explanations for some dialecticisms from the already published issues of the Russian Etymological Dictionary (втемяшить, гленя, гриб (грипп), гуляф, дама, дасы, джаик, душаб), as well as from its unpublished issues (жебра, жерлянка, жиговый, жинджира, житера, зинзивер, клиба). Most of this material is missing from the Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language by M. Vasmer. The essence of the explanations proposed is as follows: гленя(glеnya)‘several logstied together' is borrowed from Polish gleń, glenia ‘a pair of linked rafts' related with gleń, gielń ‘hard top layer, crust', ‘plank, timber, board'; клиба(klíba)‘thin vine twig',‘rope made of twisted birch, spruce or vine twigs', blr. клиба ‘a twisted rod for a bundle of rafts' comes, possibly, from a Baltic source close to Lithuanian klibìkis ‘a device in the form of a pole for locking doors', cf. klìbti ‘stagger, loose'; гриб (grib) ‘flu', грипп (gripp) is borrowed from French grippe, which could have come from German (Switzerland) grüpi, grüppi, the name of the common cold; гуляф (gulyaf) ‘rose, rosean; rosehip', гуляфная вода (gulyafnaya voda) ‘distilled from rose petals, rosehip' through the Turkic güläf comes from Persian gulāb, gulāv from gul ‘rose' and āb ‘water'; душаб (dusháb) ‘syrup from boiled grape juice'; Persian dūšāb / dōšāb ‘id'; дама (damá) ‘silk fabric like satin'; fr. damas ‘silk fabric with a large pattern on a smooth shiny background'; дасы (dasý) ‘homemade sausage', д´аса (dasá) ‘id'; Latgalian dasa = Latvian dęsa ‘(blood) sausage'; джаики(dzhaíki)‘cossacks living along the Ural-Yaik'comes from the Kazakh name of the Ural River - Жайық; жебры (zh´еbry) ‘ribs'; Polish, cf. żebro ‘rib', related to Russian ребро; жерлянка(zherlyánka) ‘toad-likefrog' comes from *жерляный (*zherlyányy) from жерло ‘mouth, throat, pharynx, open mouth', ‘voice'; *žьrdlo ‘throat, pharynx', related to *gъrdlo ‘throat'; жиг´овый рукав (zhigóvyi rukav) ‘sleeve, wide at the armhole and tapering to the cuff' from жиго (zhigó) ‘cut of the sleeves of a woman's dress, narrow below the elbow and very fluffy at the top' < French manches à (la) gigot (manches gigot) ‘sleeves extending upwards', literally ‘lamb leg-shaped sleeves', cf. gigot ‘hind leg of lamb'; жинджира, жинжира, зинзивер (zhindzhíra, zhinzhíra, zínziver) ‘kind of mallow' comes apparently from Ukrainian, cf. dial. зíнзiвер, дзiндзíвер etc. (zínziver, dzinzíver etc.) < Italian z´еnzero, Old Italian zenzovero, zenzavero ‘ginger'; житера (zhítera)‘life' is a derivative of жить (zhit') ‘live' with the suffix -er-, cf.Old Russian питер(piter)‘drink' from пить(pit'),ѣderъ ‘food' from ѣд´а, ѣсть (yedá, yest') ‘food', ‘to eat'; жупик (zhúpik) ‘peasant nickname', Old Russian zhupikъ ‘a person who has not reached adulthood' (also a swear word) can be derived from the obsolete жупа (zhúpa) ‘ass' (> ж´опа = zhópa). Cf. жупан (zhupán) ‘a man who considers himself a woman'; втемяшить, темяшить (vtemyáshit', temyáshit') ‘tobeatwith sts',‘tobeat (in the head)', etc., possibly related to Polish ciemiężyć ‘oppress', ciemięga ‘underdo', ‘bummer', which W. Boryś explained as a derivative from *ciemać or *ciemić < *temati (-iti) ‘to crush, oppress, knock down'.
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