Systematic study of the vocabulary of the languages of the peoples of the North in the context of ethnolinguistic contacts
Abstract
This work is devoted to the development of an ideographic description of the lexical composition of the following languages: Even, Nanai, Dolgan, Nivkh, Koryak, Yukagir, Mansi, Khanty, Selkup, Vepsian, Sami. A questionnaire program was developed that included about 3,500 questions that relate to all spheres of life, including questions related to abstract concepts and the realities of material culture based on the implementation of a detailed analysis of the lexicons of the stated languages. The questions were developed on the basis of data from lexicographic sources, text records, field recordings of speech samples, phonograms from archives, and folklore sources. The next stage included obtaining data from the questionnaire program. It is noted that nominative responses can explicate differences in the ways of nominating realities, while in single-word nominations, different methods of word formation, characteristics of the derivational base and word-forming means are revealed. The study of vocabulary in semantic and areal relations in order to construct a linguistic picture of the world can shed light on the issues of composition and historical interaction of the languages and dialects being studied. The dynamics of the lexical manifestation of some widespread trees and shrubs is traced. It is noted that the names of pine are presented in almost all languages declared in the project. The Vepsian language stands out in connection with the names of pine, in which several of its names are presented, also represented on the Baltic-Finnish ground. Analysis of similar or identical lexical data, which will show data on the geographical distribution of lexemes of one etymological nest or borrowed vocabulary, can indicate areas of interlingual contacts of the population and thereby serve as a source for reconstructing the linguistic and ethnic geography of the northern territories.
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