Original and borrowed verbs of deceptive perception in the Komi-Permyak language
Abstract
The article analyses the group of verbs of deceptive perception in the Komi-Permyak language based on field recordings. This group of verbs of the Komi-Permyak language is considered for the first time. During expeditions in 2016–2023 the authors recorded a large corpus of mythological texts in the Komi-Permyak language; work was carried out both using a questionnaire about the spirits of loci, and according to a program for investigation of the funeral and memorial rites of the Komi-Permyaks, in addition, in 2022–2023 expeditions questions about specific verbs of deceptive perception were asked. Each verb is analyzed from the point of view of its origin and semantics, typical contexts of use. Noteworthy is the process of mutual borrowing of this group of verbs on the territory of the Komi-Permyak district: from Russian dialects to Komi-Permyak and from Komi-Permyak to Russian.
In the Komi-Permyak language, as in Russian, verbs of deceptive perception are also numerous. The original verb is kazmötchyny ‘to remind oneself, to make oneself known’, which is often used in narratives about the appearance of the souls of the dead. In addition, it is actively used in texts about the appearance of mythological characters, which is often interpreted as a bad omen, and in texts about other harbingers of death. This predetermined the development of a new meaning ‘to make oneself known, to remind’ > ‘to foretell’. In the meaning of ‘to wonder, to imagine’, the verb goes into the Russian dialects of the Komi-Permyak district. From the Russian language, Komi-Permyak dialects borrow the verbs verzhit (verzhitsya) and blaznit ‘seem, wonder’, as well as yavit'sya and kazat'sya. The verb prikashaitchyny ‘to fancy, to dream, to imagine (about ghosts, visions)’ is also Russian, although the original verb in this meaning, apparently, has not been preserved in contact Russian dialects.
This group of vocabulary demonstrates the process of cross-borrowing of this group of verbs on the territory of the Komi-Permyak district from Russian dialects into Komi-Permyak and from Komi-Permyak into Russian.
References
Bakhmatov A.A., Goleva T.G., Podyukov I.A., Chernykh A.V. (2008) Russkie v Komi-Permyatskom okruge: obryadnost’ i fol’klor: Materialy i issledovaniya [The Russians in the Komi-Permyak district: rites and folklore:
Materials and research]. Perm: OTiDO. (in Russian)
Batalova R. M., Krivoshchyokova-Gantman A. S. (1985) Komi-permyatsko-russkiy slovar’ [Komi-Permyak-Russian dictionary]. Moscow: Russkiy yazyk. (in Komi-Permyak and Russian)
Beznosikova L. M., Aybabina Ye. A., Zaboyeva N. K., Kosnyreva R. I. (2012–2014) Komi syornisikas kyvchukör = Slovar’ dialektov komi yazyka: v 2 t. [Dictionary of Komi dialects: in 2 vol.]. Syktyvkar: Kola, 2012. Vol. I: А–О. Vol. II: Ö–Я. (in Komi)
Borisova A. N., Prokosheva K. N. (eds.) (2000–2002) Slovar’ permskikh govorov [Dictionary of Perm dialects]. In 2 vol. Perm: Knizhnyy mir. (in Russian)
Chugaeva S. V. (2015) Chelovek i smert’ [Man and Death]. Moskow: Triumf. (in Russian)
Filin F. P., Sorokoletov F. P., Myznikov S. A. (eds.) (1965–2021) Slovar’ russkikh narodnykh govorov [Dictionary of Russian folk dialects]. Vol. 1–52. Moscow; Leningrad; St. Petersburg: Nauka (the publication continues). (in Russian)
Goleva T. G. (2011) Mifologicheskie personazhi v sisteme mirovozzreniya komi-permyakov [Mythological Сharacters in the Komi-Permyaks’ Worldview System]. St. Petersburg: Mamatov. (in Russian)
Klimov V. V. (1990) Olasö da völasö [Once upon a time: Komi-Permyak fairy tales, legends, traditions, fairy tales, epics and everyday stories, in Komi-Permyak language]. Vol. 1. Kudymkar: Perm. book. Publ. (in Komi-Permyak)
Lytkin V. I., Gulyayev Ye. S. (1970) Kratkiy etimologicheskiy slovar’ komi yazyka [Brief etymological dictionary of the Komi language]. Syktyvkar: Nauka. (in Komi, Russian)
Paducheva E. V. (2017) Ob istinnostnom statuse propozitsii v predlozheniyakh s sententsial’nym aktantom [On the truth status of a proposition in sentences with a sentential actant]. Russkij jazyk v nauсhnom osveshchenii
[Russian Language and Linguistic Theory]. Issue 1 (33): 9–42. (in Russian)
Podyukov I.A. (ed.) (2006) Slovar’ russkikh govorov Komi-Permyatskogo okruga [A dictionary of the Russian dialects in the Komi-Permyak district]. Perm: PONITSAA. (in Russian)
Podyukov I.A. (ed.) (2020) Slovar’ mortal’noy leksiki, frazeologii i simvoliki russkikh govorov Prikamya [A dictionary of mortal vocabulary, phraseology, and symbolics in the Russian dialects of Prikamye]. St. Petersburg:
Mamatov. (in Russian)
Rusinova I.I. (ed.) (2011) Slovar’ russkikh govorov severa Permskogo kraya [A dictionary of the Russian dialects in the north of the Perm Area]. Vol. 1. А–В. Perm: Izd-vo Perm. un-ta. (in Russian)
Yasinskaya M. V. (2011) Predstavleniya o glazakh i zrenii v yazyke i traditsionnoy kul’ture slavyan [Ideas about eyes and vision in the language and traditional culture of the Slavs]. Author. dis. … Cand. philol. sciences.
Moscow. (in Russian)