Formal changes of the Russian word in Karelian, Vepsian and Saami dialects
Abstract
The research is based on the “Comparative onomasiological dictionary of the dialects of Karelian, Veps, Sami languages”, compiled by scientists of the Karelian Research Center. The article attempts to describe some groups of Russian words borrowed by the Karelian, Veps and Sami languages, to identify the features of their external appearance due to adaptation processes during assimilation in an unrelated language environment. Particular attention is paid to the words with an initial sound [j]; the appearance of irregular additional consonants at the beginning of a word before a smooth sound [r’] is detected. Several examples indicate the peculiarities of borrowing in the Sami language. The influence of the Baltic-Finnish languages on the change of Russian words is demonstrated.
The words related to a thematic group are analyzed. The thematic group “temporary relations” does not contain Russian words denoting parts of the seasons, days, various temporal circumstances (late, long, today, etc.). An insignificant penetration of Russian words is observed in such semantic groups as “always” and “fast”. The “week” concept presents only Russian borrowings in all compared languages. Russian borrowings of the “weather” topic are characteristic of the Sami language. The Dictionary allows to compare the dialects of the Karelian, Veps and Sami languages on the semantic principle and together with other regional dictionaries allows to study them in a variety of aspects.
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