Two North Russian Etymologies (Arkh. liyat’ ‘to doze’, gomzhit’, ganzhit’ ‘to smolder’)
Abstract
The paper considers the origin of two North Russian words from Arkhanelsk dialect: лиять ‘to doze’ и гомжить, ганжить ‘to smolder’. Both of them have already become an object for etymological analyses, though at different grades. But it seems that new dialect material enables to discuss their etymology more soundly. For example, for the verb лиять ‘to doze’ the version of T. V. Goryacheva is proved, as the author reconstructs the Proto-Slavic form *lějati and the meaning based on the semantics ‘to get weak’. For the argumentation there are given the form сле́ять ‘to get white’, ‘to fade’, which is fixed in the Republic of Mordovia, and its Slavic synonyms related to Proto-Slav. *lin’ati/*lěn’ati and *lěviti ‘to get weak’, ‘to fade’. On the base of the Slavic verb word-formation for *lějati a possible stem is offered. Another idea is that Rus. Dial. -леять is related to Rus. Dial. излевáться ‘to mock’ that is also proved by word-formation and semantics of the Slavic languages. The verb гомжить, ганжить ‘to smolder’, after A. Ye. Anikin, is suggested to relate to the Proto-Slavic route *gъm- with the suffix *-ъz-, namely to its Proto-Slavic derivatives *gъmъziti/*gъmъzati ‘to move, to crawl’ and to formulate its initial meaning as ‘to move chaotically, in different directions’. A similar semantic shift is demonstrated by the cognates of the Proto-Slavic verb *šajati ‘to smolder’ which presumably relates to the Indo-European route *(s)kēi- ‘to move’. Also the possible relation of the meanings ‘to smolder’ and ‘to move’ is proved by the Slovenian word tuliti se ‘to curve’ in the context: Plaménčki migotajo, se tulijo «The flames are blinking, wriggling».
Abbreviations
Anikin A. Ye. (2007–2019) Russkiy etimologicheskiy slovar’ [Russian etymological dictionary]. Vol. 1–13. A–Dbat’. Moscow; St. Petersburg; Novosibirsk: Rukopisnyye pamyatniki Drevney Rusi; Znak; In-t rus. yaz. im. V. V. Vinogradova; In-t filologii Sibirskogo otdeleniya RAN; Nestor-Istoriya. (the publication continues). (in Russian)
Barkhudarov S. G., Filin F. P., Shmelyov D. N., Bogatova G. A., Krysko V. B., Krivko R. N. (eds.) (1975–2015) Slovar’ russkogo jazyka XI-XVII vv. [Dictionary of the Russian Language of XI–XVII cent.]. Vol. 1–30. Moscow: Nauka. (the publication continues). (in Russian)
Bezlaj F., Snoj M., Furlan M. (2005) Etimološki slovar slovenskega jezika [Etymological Dictionary of the Slovenian Language]. Vol. 4. Ljubljana. (In Slovenian)
Boryś W., Popowska–Taborska H. (1994–2006) Słownik etymologiczny kaszubszczyzny [Etymological Dictionary of the Kashubian Language]. T. I–V. Warszawa. (in Polish)
Dal’ V. I. (1995) Tolkovyy slovar’ zhivogo velikorusskogo jazyka [Explanatory Dictionary of the Colloquial Great Russian Language]. Vol. 1–4. Moscow: Terra. (in Russian)
Derksen R. (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Inherited Lexicon. Leiden — Boston: Brill. (in English)
Dolgushev V. G., Smetanina Z. V. (eds.) (2004–2012) Oblastnoy slovar’ vyatskikh govorov [Regional Dictionary of Vyatka Dialects]. Vol. 1–8. Kirov. (the publication continues). (in Russian)
Fasmer M. (2003) Etimologicheskiy slovar’ russkogo yazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language]. Translation from German and additions by O. N. Trubachyov. Vol. I–IV. 4th edition, stereotypic. Moscow: Astryel’–AST. (in Russian)
Filin F. P., Sorokoletov F. P., Myznikov S. A. (eds.). (1965–2019) Slovar’russkikh narodnykh govorov [Dictionary of Russian folk dialects]. Vol. 1–51. Moscow; Leningrad; St. Petersburg: Nauka (the publication continues). (in Russian)
Gerd A. S. (2009) Materialy dlya etimologicheskogo slovarya severnorusskikh govorov [Materials for Etymological Dictionary of North Russian Dialects]. Severnorusskiye govory [North Russian Dialects], 10. St.-Petersburg: Izd-vo SPbGU: 144–176. (in Russian)
Goryacheva T. V. (1983) Etimologicheskiye zametki [Etymological Notes]. Etimologiya. 1981 [Etymology. 1981]. Ed. by O. N. Trubachyov. Moscow: Nauka: 66–76. (in Russian)
Getsova O. G., Nefedova E. A. (eds.) (1980–2017) Arkhangelskiy oblastnoy slovar’ [Arkhangelsk Regional Dictionary]. Vol. 1–18. Moscow: MGU; Nauka (the publication continues). (in Russian)
Ivashko L. A. (ed.) (2003, 2005) Slovar’ russkikh govorov Nizovoy Pyechory [Dictionary of the Russian Dialects of Low Pechora]. Vol. 1, 2. St.-Petersburg: Izd-vo SPbGU. (in Russian)
Klevtsova A. V., Petrova L. Ya. (eds.) (2010) Novgorodskiy oblastnoy slovar’ [Novgorod Regional Dictionary]. Edition prepared by S. A. Myznikov, A. N. Levichkin. St.-Petersburg: Nauka. (in Russian)
Kuchko V. S. (2017) Semantiko-motivatsionnoye polye “Lozh, obman” v yazykovom prostranstve russkijh narodnykh govorov [Semantic and Motivation Field “Lie, deceit” in the Language Space of the Russian Dialects]: diss. … kand. filol. nauk. Yekaterinburg. (in Russian)
Kurkina L. V. (1975) Slavyanckiye etimologii. III [Slavic Etymologies. III]. Etimologiya. 1973 [Etymology. 1973]. Ed. by O. N. Trubachyov. Moscow: Nauka: 34–43. (in Russian)
Kurkina L. V. (2017) O probleme omonimii v slavyanskoy leksike (na materiale slav. *tuliti/*tulati ‘brodit’’ i *tuliti ‘prizhimat’sya; ukryvat’’) [On the Problem of Homonymy in the Slavic Vocabulary (on the material of Slav. *tuliti/*tulati ‘to wander’ i *tuliti ‘to cuddle; to cover’)]. Etymological Research into Czech: Proceedings of the Etymological Symposium Brno 2017, 12–14 September 2017, Brno, Studia etymologica Brunensia 18. Ed. by I. Janyšková, H. Karlíková, V. Boček. Praha: Nakladatelství Lidové noviny: 249–258. (in Russian)
Likar V. (ed.) (1970–1991) Slovar slovenskega knjižnega jezika [Dictionary of the Slovenian Literary Language]. Vol. 1–5. Ljubljana. (In Slovenian)
Loma A. (2015) Vila — olitsetvoryonnoye neistovstvo ili chto-to drugoye? [Is vila a personified fury or something else?]. Etymological Research into Old Church Slavonic. Proceedings of the Etymological Symposium Brno 2014, 9–11 September 2014, Brno. Studia etymologica Brunensia 18. Ed. by I. Janyšková, H. Karlíková. Praha: Nakladatelství Lidové noviny: 245–270. (in Russian)
Matveyev A. K. (ed.) (1996) Slovar’ russkikh govorov Srednyego Urala: Dopolnyeniya [Dictionary of the Russian Dialects of the Middle Urals: Additions]. Yekaterinburg. (in Russian)
Merkulova V. A. (1981) Zametki po russkoy dialektnoy leksike [Notes on the Russian Dialect Vocabulary]. Etimologicheskiye isslyedovaniya [Etymological Studies]. Ed. by A. K. Matveyev. Sverdlovsk: Ural’skiy gosudarstvennyy universitet: 114–124. (in Russian)
Mikhalyova T. V., Semenkova R. V., Chikina L. K. (comp.) (2013) Slovar’ russkikh govorov na territorii Respubliki Mordoviya [Dictionary of the Russian Dialects on the territory of the Republic of Mordovia]. Part 1, 2. St.-Petersburg: Nauka. (in Russian)
Pokorny J. (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary]. Bern — München. (in German)
Rix H. (2001) Lexicon der indogermanischen Verben [Dictionary of the Indo-European Verb]. Weisbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag. (in German)
Shalayeva T. V. (2010) Sopostavitel’nyy strukturnyy i semanticheskiy analiz etimologicheskikh gnyozd so znacheniyem dvizheniye zhidkosti v russkom yazykye [Comparative Structural and Semantic Analysis of the Word Families with the Meaning ‘liquid motion’ in the Russian Language]: diss. … kand. filol. nauk. Moscow. (in Russian)
Skitova F. L., Gruzbyerg L. A. (eds.) (1984–2011) Slovar’ govora d. Akchim Permskoy obl. (Akchimskiy slovar’) [Dictionary of the Village Akchim of Perm reg. (Akchim Dictionary)]. Vol. 1–6. Perm: Izdatel’stvo Permskogo universiteta. (in Russian)
Sławski F. (ed.) (1972–2001–) Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary]. T. 1–8–. Wrocław; Warszawa; Kraków. (in Polish)
Trubachyov O. N., Zhuravlyov A. F., Varbot Z. Zh. (eds.) (1974–2018) Etimologicheskiy slovar’ slavyanskikh yazykov (Praslavyanskiy leksicheskiy fond) [Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Languages (Proto-Slavic Lexical Fund)]. Vol. 1–41. Moscow: Nauka. (the publication continues). (in Russian)
Varbot Zh. Zh. (1971) Zametki po slavyanskoy etimologii (ukr. кочубей, russk. настырный, russk. измываться) [Notes on the Slavic Etymology (Ukr. кочубей, Rus. настырный, Rus. измываться)]. Etimologiya. 1968 [Etymology. 1968]. Ed. by O. N. Trubachyov. Moscow: Nauka: 68–78. (in Russian)
Varbot Zh. Zh. (2012) Vokrug slavyanskogo gumna [Around the Slavic Threshing floor]. Isslyedovaniya po russkoy i slavyanskoy etimologii [Studies of the Russian and the Slavic Etymology]. Moscow; St.–Petersburg: Nestor–Istoriya: 243–247. (in Russian)