Nicknames of animals in “Dictionary of Russian folk dialects”
Abstract
The article analyzes zoonimic vocabulary contained in the Dictionary of Russian folk dialects and includes almost all types of nicknames of domestic animals: horses, cows, sheep, pigs, dogs and cats. However, most of the zoonimicon of the Dictionary are the names of horses, cows and dogs. Based on the analysis of zoonims of different species, their semantic and derivational features are revealed. The nominations for the color of animal wool are universal for all types of nicknames. And it is among the "color zoonyms" most often marked by the nicknames, which are used in relation to different types of animals. Suffixing structures are typical for all types of zoonyms, but it is very important to distinguish between economic and dozonimic suffixation. The abundance of deminutive formations is largely due to the vocative function of zoonyms of oral speech. The Dictionary contains many examples of the use of the same words in relation to a person and an animal. The cases of the use of the same zoonyms to different types of animals and coinciding in the form of naming the humans and animals testify to the parallel word formation in dialectal onomastics. The prevalence of coincident naming of people and animals in the Dictionary of Russian folk dialects makes it necessary to evaluate the frequency of modern anthropozoonyms in a new way — not as a violation of the nomination traditions, but, on the contrary, as their continuation. The vocabulary consistently reflects the close relationship of the two onomastic classes — anthroponyms (nicknames) and zoonyms. Such a link not only confirms the similarity of the motivational attributes underlying the nicknames of people (and in the past — of ancient Russian names) and the nicknames of animals, but also may indicate their possible gentic community.
References
Azarkh Yu. S. (1977) Podzyvnye slova dlya korov i loshadey v russkikh govorakh [Podzyvnye words for cows and horses in the Russian dialects]. In: Dialektologicheskiye issledovaniya po russkomu yazyku [Dialectological study of the Russian language]. Moscow: Nauka: 226–247. (in Russian)
Chaikina, Yu. I., Varnikova E. N. (2016) Antropozoonimy [Anthropozoonyms]. In: Vestnik Cherepovetskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta [Bulletin of Cherepovets State University], 3: 65–74. (in Russian)
Chernyshev V.I., Barkhudarov S.G., Filin F.P. et al. (eds.) (1948–1965) Slovar' sovremennogo russkogo literaturnogo yazyka [Dictionary of the modern Russian literary language]. Vol. 1–17. Moscow; Leningrad: Izd-vo AN SSSR. (in Russian)Slovarʼ sovremennogo russkogo literaturnogo yazyka (1948–1965) [Dictionary of modern Russian literary language]. T. 1–17. Moscow; Leningrad: Izdatelʼstvo Akademii Nauk SSSR. (in Russian)
Dubova N. G. (1980) Nekotoryye osobennosti klichek okhotnichʼikh sobak [Some features of the nicknames of hunting dogs]. In: Voprosy onomastiki [Problems of onomastics], 14: 145–149. (in Russian)
Filin F. P., Sorokoletov F. P., Myznikov S. A. (eds.) (1965–2018) Slovar’russkikh narodnykh govorov [Dictionary of Russian folk dialects]. Vol. Aa–Khoglok. Moscow; Leningrad; St. Petersburg: Nauka. (in Russian)
Fonyakova O. I. (1979) K semanticheskoy structure pskovskikh zoonimov [On the semantic structure of Pskov zoonyms]. In: Pskovskiye govory. Pamyati B. A. Larina [Pskov dialects. In memory of B. A. Larin]. Leningrad: LGPI im. A. I. Herzena: 38–44. (in Russian)
Fonyakova O. I. (1984) O vzaimodeystvii literatunoy i dialektnoy leksiki v zoonimii [On the interaction of literary and dialectal vocabulary in zoonims]. In: Literaturnyy yazyk i narodnaya rechʼ [Literary language and folk speech]. Perm: Izd-vo Permskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta: 111–116. (in Russian)
Fonyakova O. I. (1995) Pskovskiye zoonimy v zhivoy rechi i slovare (k itogam i perspektivam izucheniya) [Pskov zoonyms in live speech and dictionary (to the results and perspectives of study)]. In: Pskovskiye govory i ikh nositeli [Pskov dialects and their carriers]. Pskov: PGPI: 43–47. (in Russian)
Mokiyenko V. M., Fonyakova O. I. (1976) Sposoby nazyvaniya v zoonimii [Methods of naming in zoonimy]. In: Onomastika Povolzhya [Onomastics of the Volga region], 4. Saransk: Mordovskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet: 317–322.
Odintsov G. F. (1978) K istorii russkikh gippologicheskikh tsvetooboznacheniy [On the history of Russian hippological color meanings]. In: Issledovaniya po slovoobrazovaniyu i leksikologii drevnerusskogo yazyka [Research on word formation and lexicology of the Old Russian language]. Moscow: Nauka: 172–221. (in Russian)
Porotnikov P. T. (1972) Iz yralʼskoy zoonimii [From the Ural zoonimy]. In: Vostochnoslavyanskaya onomastika [East Slavic onomastics]. Moscow: Nauka: 210–250. (in Russian)
Ryadchenko N. G. (1994) Zoonimika. Zoonomiya russkaya [Zoonimika. Zoonimy Russian]. In: Russkaya onomastika i onomastika Rossii. Slovarʼ [Russian onomastics and onomastics of Russia. Dictionary]. Moscow: Nauka: 77–84. (in Russian)
Slovarʼ russkogo yazyka XI–XVII vv. (1975–2015) [Dictionary of the Russian language XI–XVII centuries]. Issue 1–30. Moscow; Leningrad; St. Petersburg: Nauka. (in Russian)
Smirnov A. A. (1971) Iz zoonimii Gorʼkovskoy oblasti. [From the zoonimy of the Gorky region]. In: Onomastika Povolzhʼya [Onomastics of the Volga region], 2. Gorkiy: [b. i.], [b. a.]: 299–302. (in Russian)
Varnikova E. N. (2011) Zoonymy: mesto v onomasticheskom prostranstve [Zoonyms: the place in onomastic space]. In: Voprosy onomastiki [Problems of onomastics], 1 (10): 51–62. (in Russian)
Varnikova E. N. (2014) Klichki russkikh gonchikh i borzykh nachala XX veka [Nicknames Russian hounds and greyhounds beginning of the XX century]. In: Slovo I obraz v kulʼture Ruskogo Severa: sbornik nauchnykh statey [Word and image in the culture of the Russian North: collection of scientific articles]. Vologda: VoGU: 17–23. (in Russian)
Veresyanova V. V. (2016) Zoonimicheskaya nominatsiya v dialektnoy rechi: aspekty i metody izucheniya v sovremennoy onomastike [Zoonymic nomination in dialectal speech: aspects and methods of study in modern onomastic]. In: Severnorusskiye govory [Northern Russian dialects], 15: 221–232. (in Russian)
Yatskevich L. G. (2016) Semanticheskiy sinkretizm kak istochnik situativnoy metonimii i slovoobrazovatelʼnoy kogerentnosti dialektnykh leksem [Semantic syncretism as a source of situational metonymy and word-formative coherence dialectal lexemes]. In: Vestnik Vologodskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta [Bulletin of Vologda State University], 1: 91–97. (in Russian)
Yatskevich L. G., Kolesova I. E. (2016) Semanticheskiye modeli slovoobrazovatelʼnykh paradigm kogerentnykh imen sushcestvitelʼnykh v russkikh narodnykh govorakh [Semantic models of word-formation paradigms of coherent nouns in Russian folk dialects]. In: Vestnik Cherepovetskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta [Bulletin of Cherepovets State University], 3: 65–74. (in Russian)