On the possibilities of distinguishing between the original word and the extended lexical unit

The article presents examples of the comparison of the original word and its variant, classified as extensional, that is, having signs of irregular phonetic phenomena of non-origin. An attempt to describe the main steps in the search for external effects on the appearance of the Russian word in conditions of contacts with the agglutinative system languages is made. The attention to the differences in the phonemic composition of the original word and the variant (крахм´ал and рахм´ал, гвыль and выль, глаз´еть and аз´еть, раб´отник and ботник, л´ипа and ал´ипа etc.) is paid, their semantics, the geography of existence in the Russian macrosystem. With the support of research, certain features of the phonological structure of the Turkic and Finno-Ugric languages, which had a strong influence on the transformation of the Russian word, are determined. The proposed analysis can help to elucidate the etymology of words of unusual phonemic composition that have not lost touch with the original root, as well as the solution of questions about their place in the Russian lexical system.