From the history of words IV
Abstract
The article is devoted to the history of several Russian dialect words. The study of Russian dialect vocabulary remains one of the most pressing problems of etymology. The proposed etudes arose in the process of preparing the 17th issue of the Russian Etymological Dictionary, in which the examination of vocabulary starting with letter ж- (zh-) is completed and the consideration of words with the prefix за- (za-) begins. The article contributes to a better study of this lexical material, and on separate examples reveals the specifics of the vocabulary described in the 17th issue. In the well-known dictionary by M. Vasmer, most of this material is missing or explained differently. This relates to the words:
жом (zhom) ‘swamp’ is most likely identical to the dial. жом (zhom) ‘press’, ‘vise’, Old Russian *жьмь (*zhьmь) from *žęti, *žьmǫ ‘to reap’, Russian жать, жму (zhat’, zhmu);жугáкать (zhugákat’) ‘to knock, to mess, to make noise’, ‘to lull’, ‘to shout, to call’, possibly is a derivative with the verb suffix -kati from Russsian *жугать (*zhugat’), related with the Сroatian žȕgati, žùgati ‘to chat, talk, slander’ etc.;
жýкола (zhúkola) ‘insect, bug’ is explicable as a derivative with the suffix -ola from жукъ (zhukъ) < Protoslavic (north.) *žukъ ‘beetle (more often black)’. Apparently, it should not be separated from жýкола (zhúkola) ‘black cow, etc.’, with the transfer of the name of the (black) beetle to the cow, as in the case of Polish dial. żuk ‘black ox, dog’ at żukoła ‘cow’; жуламéй, жуламéйка, джуламéйка (zhulamey, zhulaméyka, dzhulaméyka) ‘felt tent, in which poor Kazakhs usually lived’ — borrowing from a source of the type of Kazakh жолам (zholam), Kyrgyz жолум (үй) (zholum üy) ‘seasonal dwelling of herdsmen’; зáбарсни (zábarsni) ‘upper holes in the bast shoes for threading the strings’ = Belаrusian zabarsni ‘id’ from забарсáць (zabarsáts’) ‘to thread the frill into the hole of the bast shoes’ < prefix зa- (za-) + барса́ць (barsats’) = Russian заборсáть (zaborsát’) ‘lace up, tie shoes’, to Protoslavic *bъrsati; завéрсец (zavérsets) ‘snack’ can be formed due to the simplification of the composite *завéрхсы́ти (*zaverxsýti) + suffix -eц (-ets); зады́м (zadým) ‘snowdrift’ is a deverbative from *задымáть (*zadymát’) ‘to blow with the wind’ from *zadǫti, *zadъmǫ < prefix *za- + the present *dъmǫ of *dǫti > Old Russian дути, дъму (duti, dъmu) ‘to blow’;
закаврáш (zakavrásh) ‘sleeve cuff’, заковрáж (zakovrazh) ‘cuff’ comes from the Ukrainian dial. закаврáш, закарвáш (zakavrásh, zakarvásh) from карвáш (karvásh) ‘то же’, Belarusian карвашы́ (karvashý) ‘armbands made of colored cloth’ < Polish karwasz ‘cuff, cuff’, ‘metal shoulder guard for hussars’;
залицáть (zalitsát’) ‘brazenly look into the face of women‘ = Belarusian заляцáцца (zal’atsátstsa) ‘to pay attentions to a woman', Ukrainian залиця́тися (zalits’átys’a), Polish zalecać się ‘id’; further to Polish zalecać ‘to prescribe, recommend’ < Protoslavic *za-lět-jati (with prefix *za-), to *lětiti ‘to allow, to take care of’ from *lětь ‘it is possible’; запáтрать (zapatrát’) ‘to knife (an animal)’, apparently, is a Ukrainism: prefix за- (za-) + пáтрати (patráty) ‘to gut, to clean from feathers, wool’; запáтрить (zapátrit’) ‘to see’ is borrowed from Polish zapatzyć, zapatrzeć ‘id’ < prefix za- + patryć, patreć ‘look, see’ < Protoslavic (north.) *patriti ‘to direct the gaze at something, to look, to look out, etc.’
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